Alkohol als Treibstoff-Alternative – Aufräumen mit den Vorurteilen

Endnoten

1. „The Plow Boy Interview“ in Mother Earth News, März/April 1990, www.motherearthnews.com/Nature_and_Environment/1990_March_April/The_Plowboy_Interview
2. Carvalho Macedo, Isaias de: „Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Balances in Bio-Ethanol Production and Utilization in Brazil“ in Biomass and Bioenergy, 1998, 14(1):77-81
3. Rohter, Larry: „With Big Boost from Sugar Cane, Brazil Is Satisfying Its Fuel Needs“ in New York Times, 10.04.06, Teil A1
4. 2002 Agricultural Census, US Department of Agriculture, 30.12.04; www.nass.usda.gov/census/census2002/volume1/us/index1.htm
5. National Agricultural Statistics Service, US Department of Agriculture, 28.06.02; usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/field/pcp-bba/acgr0602.txt
6. Berechnungen des Autors
7. Commoner, Barry „The Politics of Energy“ (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), S. 42f.
8. 2002 Agricultural Census
9. Wright, Lawrence: „Silent Sperm“ in The New Yorker, Januar 1996, S. 41-55
10. „Infertility: An Overview“ (Birmingham, AL: American Society of Reproductive Medicine, 2003)
11. Pimentel, D. et al.: „Environmental, Energetic, and Economic Comparisons of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems“ in BioScience, Juli 2005, 55:573-82
12. Berechnungen des Autors auf Grundlage des US Department of Agriculture Feed Outlook, Januar 2005
13. „Distillers Feeds“ (Cincinnati, OH: Distillers Feed Research Council)
14. Morris, David: „West Wing’s Ethanol Problem“ auf AlterNet, 02.02.05; www.alternet.org/envirohealth/21147
15. „The Real Price of Gasoline: An Analysis of the Hidden External Costs Consumers Pay to Fuel Their Automobiles“, Bericht Nr. 3 (Washington, DC: The International Center for Technology Assessment, November 1998), S. 1-43
16. „Gasoline Cost Externalizes: Security and Protection Services“, The International Center for Technology Assessment, Jan. 2005, S. 1-7; www.icta.org/doc/RPG security update.pdf
17. Wells, Jim: „Tax Incentives for Petroleum and Ethanol Fuels“, GAO/RCED-00-301R (Washington, DC: US General Accounting Office, September 2000), Tabelle 1.2.
18. Cooper, Mark: „Over a Barrel: Why Aren’t Oil Companies Using Ethanol to Lower Gasoline Prices?“ (Sioux Falls, SD: Consumer Federation of America, Mai 2005), S. 2
19. Urbanchuk, John M.: „Contribution of the Ethanol Industry to the Economy of the United States“ (Renewable Fuels Association, Januar 2005), S. 2
20. Informa Economics, Inc.: „The Structure and Outlook for the U.S. Biofuels Industry“ für das Landwirtschaftsministerium von Indiana, Oktober 2005; www.in.gov/isda/pubs/biofuelsstudy.pdf (1. März 2006)
21. Urbanchuk: „Contribution“, S. 1-4
22. Anderson, Marion: „American Jobs from Alcohol Fuel“ (Employment Research Associates, 1980), S. 1-13
23. „Biofuels for Transport“ (International Energy Agency, 11.05.04), S. 6
24. Watson, Traci: „Air Pollution from Other Countries Drifts into USA“ in USA Today, 14.03.05, Teil 1A
25. Dukes, Jeffrey S.: „Burning Buried Sunshine: Human Consumption of Ancient Solar Energy“ in Climate Change, 2003, 61:31-44
26. Shleser, Robert: „Ethanol Production in Hawaii: Processes, Feedstocks and Current Economic Feasibility of Fuel Grade Ethanol Production in Hawaii“, erstellt für das hawaiianische Wirtschaftsministerium, Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Tourismus (Juli 1994), S. 1-62
27. Dukes: „Burning Buried Sunshine“
28. Ebd.
29. „Taxpayers’ Dollars Diverted“ auf CBS Evening News, 11.05.05
30. „Sci Tech: Hydro Fuel Faces Bumpy Road“ auf CBS News, 30.06.03
31. Gatto, Steven; Aussage vor dem US Congress, Senate, Committee on Environment and Public Works, Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety; Anhörung 106-953, 106. Kongress, 2. Sitzung, 14.06.00
32. Urbanchuk: „Contribution“
33. „Worldwide Look at Reserves and Production“ in Oil & Gas Journal, 19.12.05, 103:47; www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/reserves.html. Unter Öl fallen sowohl Rohöl als auch Kondensat. Für Kanada belaufen sich die Schätzungen auf 4,7 Milliarden Barrel konventionelles Rohöl und Kondensat und 174,1 Milliarden Barrel an Ölsanden.
34. Die Daten für Amerika stammen aus: Advance Summary, US Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves 2005 Annual Report, DOE/EIA-0216 (Washington, DC: US Energy Information Administration, Sept. 2006)
35. Davis, Stacy C.: „Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 21“, ORNL-6966 (Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Transportation Analysis, 2001)
36. Hutzler, Mary J. et al.: „Annual Energy Outlook 2002“, DOE/EIA-0383 (Washington, DC: US Energy Information Administration, Dezember 2001)